逻辑学对推理的形式结构和构成好的论证的逻辑关系的研究. Many college courses explore and investigate the reasons to take something to be so; logic explores the correctness or strength of reasoning itself. 本课程将特别强调象征表示和分析演绎论证的主要历史方法:亚里士多德逻辑, 命题逻辑, 谓词逻辑. Some attention may also be paid to informal logical fallacies. (1)每学期提供.

An exploration of some of the central questions and problems addressed by philosophers, 例如:什么是人? 我们怎样才能生活得好，行为负责? 正义的本质是什么? 有可能自由行动吗? 十大菠菜台子周围的世界，我们能知道些什么? 心灵和身体之间的关系是什么? These questions, and others like them, are at the heart of philosophy. In this course, 我们将通过哲学家们的作品来探讨这些问题，哲学家们自己也研究过这些问题. 认真思考，批判性写作，这些技能将在大学内外为你服务. (5)每学期提供. Prerequisite: not open to students who have taken Philosophy 115.

作为哲学的入门, this course covers the same core philosophical thinkers and problems as Philosophy 110, 也可以使用第一手资料. This course adds a semester-long theme for the course, 这个主题为思考和解决哲学研究的核心问题提供了一个视角. The theme will typically be incorporated into class activities and student assignments. May be used to fulfill any requirement or prerequisite fulfilled by Philosophy 110. (5)偶尔提供. Prerequisite: not open to students who have taken Philosophy 110.

An examination of the origins of philosophical reflection in Greek myth, where human self-knowledge emerges from narratives about the gods. 这门课程追溯了存在和发展的主题, 思想与经验, and cyclical time through pre-Socratic philosophers like Thales, Heraclitus, 从巴门尼德到柏拉图和亚里士多德. 这些思想家中的许多人都敏锐地意识到，人类的思维和行动体现了社会过程，这需要行动者和他们的社会环境之间的相互依存. Finally, we examine some major Roman philosophical responses to these themes, 喜欢享乐主义, stoicism, and skepticism, 在哪里播下了后来基督教和现代的主体性和个人主义观念的种子. (5)每隔一年秋天提供一次. 前提条件:哲学110或115 or consent of instructor.

The 17th and 18th centuries were an age of great philosophical exploration, 最终形成了我们现在所说的启蒙运动. 从笛卡尔到康德, 哲学家们争论知识的本质, 精神和身体的关系, 因果世界中自由的可能性, 以及理性的作用和局限. 在19世纪, 黑格尔和马克思等哲学家都对启蒙运动进行了扩展和批判. More recently, 理论家们一直致力于将启蒙哲学置于其历史背景中，并挑战其基本假设. 本课程将研究一系列与启蒙运动及其批评者有关的文本. (5)每隔一年秋天提供一次. 前提条件:哲学110或115, or consent of instructor.

A critical engagement with major theories in normative ethics, 无论是在他们的经典来源，还是在当代道德哲学家的理论发展中. These theories all explore what it means to live and act rightly, 做一个代理，负责任地生活. Particular attention will be paid to Aristotelian virtue ethics, 康德的义务论伦理学, 和功利主义. (5T)每第三学期开设. 前提条件:哲学110或115, or consent of instructor.

An examination of ethical questions related to medical practice and biomedical research. 特别强调堕胎等问题, 生殖技术, euthanasia, 医疗决策的自主权, 对动物和人类的研究, 以及稀缺医疗资源的分配. (5T)(也列为卫生和社会221.)每年春天提供. 前提条件:哲学110或115, or sophomore standing.

An examination of ethical questions related to the environment and our place in it. 特别强调十大菠菜台子对肉体上的存在和实体的道德责任, metaphysically, 或者暂时远离我们. 这可能包括疏远的人, nonhuman animals, natural objects, species, and ecosystems, 以及未来的迭代. (5T)(也列为环境研究224.每隔一年秋天提供一次. 前提条件:哲学110或115, or sophomore standing.

在这门课程中，学生将探讨拥有代理和为自己的行为负责之间的关系. Students consider the limits of self-interest and instrumental rationality, and the intrinsic relationship between power and justice. 其中包括柏拉图的《真人国际菠菜》, 亚里士多德的《真人国际菠菜》. (5T)前提条件:无.

探究艺术的本质和意义. What is art? Is there something that all works of art have in common? What does art do? 它是由艺术家的意图来定义的吗, 观众的体验, 或者批评家的评判? 品味是主观的吗?? 情人眼里出西施吗? In this course, 我们将寻求这些问题的答案，努力加深我们对艺术的理解. Readings will range from classical sources in aesthetics to recent theories of art, 包括分析方法和大陆方法. (5)偶尔提供. 前提条件:哲学110或115, or sophomore standing.

在与一群反对传统哲学的19世纪和20世纪思想家的对话中，探讨了有关人类存在意义的问题. 从克尔凯郭尔、尼采到萨特, Beauvoir, and Camus, the existentialists posed such questions as: What kind of existence is most meaningful? 如果上帝死了，存在就失去意义了吗? Is there such a thing as authentic existence, and if so, what does it involve? Is the course of our lives determined by our character and situation, 还是由我们的选择来定义我们? What is the best way to respond to the absurdity of our existence? 我们将和存在主义者一起考虑这些问题和一些相关的主题, such as anxiety, death, and nothingness. (5)偶尔提供. 前提条件:哲学110或115, or consent of instructor.

Selected problems, movements, and thinkers in philosophy. 如果主题不同，可以重复学分吗. (5)偶尔提供. 前提条件:哲学110或115, or consent of instructor.

人类的思维可能是物理世界中最后一个伟大的奥秘——它使我们区别于其他动物，似乎违背了物理定律. In fact, consciousness holds the special title of “The Hard Problem.” Traditional philosophy of mind examines the mind-body problem, usually as it has been conceived and explored through analytic philosophy. This course looks at those texts that have defined and shaped the field historically, 同时包括了其他哲学传统的文本，这些文本直到最近才改变了人们对身心问题的理解. These include texts from phenomenologists, pragmatists, and linguists, among others. 我们调查了许多作者和观点, while remaining grounded in the classical texts of the field. (5T)(也列为认知科学241.)提供偶数年，春季学期. 前提条件:哲学110或115.

Examination of the concept of law and the concept of justice, with a particular focus on 20th and 21st century philosophical theories of each concept, as well as critical contemporary discussions of those theories. (5)每隔一年秋天提供一次. 前提条件:哲学110或115, or Political Science 180, or consent of instructor.

An examination of classical Chinese philosophies, largely in their pre-Buddhist forms. We will focus on close readings of Kongzi (Confucius), Mengzi (Mencius), Laozi, Mozi, and Zhuangzi, and will trace notions of reality and knowledge in their relation to morality and society. We will also highlight comparisons and contrasts between Chinese and European philosophies. (5)偶尔提供. 前提条件:哲学110或115 or sophomore standing.

Reflections on the nature of religious experience broadly conceived, 以及它与伦理的关系, reason, and science. 本课程将着重于古典宗教哲学中出现的关于上帝的超越性和属性的问题的持续意义. 我们将研究这些辩论的历史，并考虑它们如何影响我们当代对自然的态度, technology, society, 以及作为一个人意味着什么. (5)偶尔提供. 前提条件:哲学110或115, or consent of instructor.

从哲学角度探讨种族和种族主义，并与其他学科进行对话. 种族的意义是什么? 这是一种生物学事实还是一种社会建构? Should racial categories be eliminated, or are there good reasons to preserve them? 种族色盲是解决歧视的办法，还是另一种形式的种族主义? 本课程将侧重于种族概念的历史和围绕种族主义和种族身份的当代辩论. (5T)(也列为关键身份研究307.)偶尔提供. 前提条件:哲学110或115 or sophomore standing.

非洲哲学是一个研究领域，专注于来自非洲和世界各地的非洲侨民思想家的批判性调查. 它包括非洲人在哲学上的努力, 非裔美国人, Afro-Caribbeans, and others, whose works address a variety of problems and concerns. It does not refer to one particular school of thought, 而是一系列解决对人类本身至关重要的问题的方法. “非洲哲学”的概念并不是要暗示所有非洲裔思想家的作品都有共同之处, but rather that they and their inquiries are linked by a history of colonization, enslavement, and marginalization that we can reflect on critically and productively with their help. Recognizing that the concept of race is itself a result of this history, 我们不能假设所有非洲裔哲学家都有共同的生物学或文化特征, 但我们可以从共同的反黑人种族主义经历中找出一些共同的主题和思想上的担忧，并试图理解和克服它. 本课程将探讨其中一些主题, 比如作为人类意味着什么, especially in the face of dehumanization; how racism should be resisted and racist societies transformed; and what will become of philosophy in a post-colonial age. 每年提供. (也被列为CRIS 275.) 前提条件:哲学110或115, or consent of instructor.

通过对柏拉图和亚里士多德最具影响力的政治文本的研究，对古典政治哲学进行考察. 考虑有关正义的问题, virtue, freedom, equality, gender, 政治权威的目的和范围, citizenship, education, poetry, 以及哲学个体与政治共同体之间的关系. Emphasis on critical analysis of ancient philosophical texts and class discussion. (5T)(也列为政治学280.提供奇数年，秋季学期. Prerequisite: Political Science 180 or sophomore standing.

对马基雅维利等作家对古典和中世纪政治哲学提出的革命性挑战的考察, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Burke, Marx, and Nietzsche. 广泛的主题包括:人性问题, the possibilities and limitations of social contract theory, 财产的概念及其含义, 权利和义务的本质, as well as the meaning of human freedom and equality. (也被列为政治学285.)每年春天提供. Prerequisite: Political Science 180 or sophomore standing.

Study of individual philosophers, central problems, or major movements. 如果主题不同，可以重复学分吗. 偶尔也会提供. 前提条件:至少一门哲学课程.

这是一门哲学专业和辅修课程, typically including a shared engagement with a philosophy text or texts, 哲学研究过程的探索, 以及在学院和院系学习目标和离开伯洛伊特学院后的生活背景下对哲学专业/辅修的反思. (CP)每年秋季提供. 前提条件:初级地位和至少3门课程的哲学或讲师的同意.

在教师的指导下完成个人工作, with evaluation based on appropriate evidence of achievement. 通常只对前两门哲学课平均成绩不低于B的学生开放. 前提条件:大二.

在课堂教学中与教师合作. 分级学分/无学分.

Assistance to a philosophy faculty member in scholarly research.